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Shredder machines operate by mechanically cutting, tearing, and crushing materials into smaller, uniform pieces through high-torque rotational forces. The core working principle involves the following stages:
1. Feeding & Initial Breakdown
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Material is fed into the shredder via a hopper or conveyor belt.
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Pre-shredding blades or rollers break down large items into manageable chunks before further processing.
2. Cutting & Shearing Mechanism
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Rotating Shafts with Blades:
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Single-shaft shredders use a spinning rotor with hooked blades to grab and shear materials against a fixed bed.
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Dual-shaft shredders employ counter-rotating shafts with interlocking blades for finer shredding via tearing, shearing, and compression.
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Granulators use smaller blades for precision cutting (e.g., plastic pellets).
3. Size Reduction & Output Control
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A screen or grate beneath the blades determines final particle size; materials exit once small enough.
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Adjustable rotor speed (20–60 RPM for heavy-duty, 100–500 RPM for light materials) optimizes shredding efficiency.
4. Discharge & Separation
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Shredded material is conveyed for sorting, recycling, or compaction.
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Optional magnetic separators extract metals from mixed waste streams.
Key Components:
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Blades: Hardened steel/tungsten carbide for durability.
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Drive System: Electric/hydraulic motors provide high torque.
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Control Panel: Adjusts speed, reverses jams, and monitors load.
Applications:
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Waste Recycling: Plastics, metals, e-waste.
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Industrial Scrap: Wood, rubber, textiles.
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Secure Destruction: Paper, hard drives.